Is Social Capital the Capital of the Poor? The Role of Family and Community in Helping Insure Living Standards against Health Shocks
We estimate the effect of social capital on the ability of households to insure consumption after unexpected negative shocks. Many theoretical models argue that strong ties to extended family members and to one's community help protect families when an adult becomes ill or disabled. Using household-level longitudinal data on Indonesian families, we test whether consumption declines less after a negative health shock for those with many ties to their community and for those in a community with dense ties. We take advantage of a particularly rich set of measures of social capital including measures of civic participation; the existence of traditions of mutual cooperation; long-term relationships in the community and ethnic and linguistic diversity. We also examine the role of a large and prosperous extended family. We find little support for the hypothesis that social capital is the capital of the poor. (JEL classification: D12, D13, G21, G22, O16)
Key Words: consumption • insurance • cooperation • household • social networks
* Paul Gertler: Haas School of Business MC #1900, University of California, Berkeley California 94720, e-mail: Gertler{at}haas.berkeley.edu, David I. Levine: Haas School of Business MC #1900, University of California, Berkeley California 94720, e-mail: Levine{at}haas.berkeley.edu and Enrico Moretti: Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, e-mail: moretti{at}econ.berkeley.edu